SenseDefend

Synthetic-media instruments, by article and effective date

OpenAI Sora, read against Article 50

OpenAI Sora is documented in a system card rather than on a plan table, and it lists three provenance measures side by side: signed metadata on every asset, a visible moving watermark on downloads, and detection tools the vendor keeps in-house. As of 2026-09-12.

Three measures on one list, and who can read eachThe system card names signed metadata on every asset, a visible moving watermark on downloads, and detection tools described as internal. The first two travel with the file; the third stays with the vendor, so only two of the three are checkable by anyone who receives a video.Readable outside the vendorSigned metadataNamed industry standard, stated for all assets. Readable byanyone with a tool.Moving visible markOn downloads from the site and the app. Readable by a viewer,removable by a crop.Internal detectionHeld by the vendor. Not a route a recipient of a file can take.Readable only inside it
Fig. 1 The list is short enough to set against the article clause by clause, which is unusual for material written about a product.
Which columns the source fillsFilled where the page behind the row names something in that column, hollow where that page is silent. Silence is recorded rather than filled in.Which columns the source fillsWhat the vendor's pages stateWhat the vendor'spages stateArticle 50(2), machine-readable marki…Article 50(2), machine-readable markingArticle 50(2), machine-readable marking — What the vendor's pages state: C2PA metadata on all assetsArticle 50(4), deployer disclosureArticle 50(4), deployer disclosure — What the vendor's pages state: A visible moving watermark on app and site downloadsWho controls itWho controls it — What the vendor's pages state: Not stated here; the visible mark follows the download routeStated checking routeStated checking route — What the vendor's pages state: Detection tools the vendor describes as internal
Fig. 2 Filled where the page behind the row names something in that column, hollow where that page is silent. Silence is recorded rather than filled in.
What OpenAI Sora publishes, set against the two duties Article 50 imposes. Recorded 2026-09-12.
PointWhat the vendor's pages state
Article 50(2), machine-readable markingC2PA metadata on all assets
Article 50(4), deployer disclosureA visible moving watermark on app and site downloads
Who controls itNot stated here; the visible mark follows the download route
Stated checking routeDetection tools the vendor describes as internal

Inclusion rule. Points are the same four for every generator recorded here: the two Article 50 duties, who controls the mark, and whatever the vendor states about it. A point the vendor does not publish is recorded as not documented. Order. Fixed order, identical on every generator page.

1The same point, across every generator recorded

Article 50(2), machine-readable marking: what each vendor statesOne point at a time, every generator side by side, OpenAI Sora marked. This is a map of what the vendors publish, not a reading of the instrument. Wording in the rows below. Recorded 2026-09-12.Article 50(2), machine-readable marking: what each vendor statesArticle 50(2), machine-readable markingArticle 50(2),machine-readable…Adobe FireflyAdobe Firefly — Article 50(2), machine-readable marking: Content Credentials attached to outputs, indicating AI was usedAlibaba WanAlibaba Wan — Article 50(2), machine-readable marking: Not documented in the API referenceAmazon Nova ReelAmazon Nova Reel — Article 50(2), machine-readable marking: An invisible watermark on all videos, plus credentials from version 1.1ElevenLabsElevenLabs — Article 50(2), machine-readable marking: An inaudible pattern embedded in generated audioGoogle SynthIDGoogle SynthID — Article 50(2), machine-readable marking: An invisible watermark embedded at generationHeyGenHeyGen — Article 50(2), machine-readable marking: Not documented on the vendor's pagesKling AIKling AI — Article 50(2), machine-readable marking: Not documented on the vendor's pagesLTX StudioLTX Studio — Article 50(2), machine-readable marking: Not documented on the vendor's pagesMeta AudioSealMeta AudioSeal — Article 50(2), machine-readable marking: An embedded speech watermark, detectable down to the sampleMicrosoft DesignerMicrosoft Designer — Article 50(2), machine-readable marking: C2PA content credentials on images from the editing featuresMiniMax HailuoMiniMax Hailuo — Article 50(2), machine-readable marking: Not documented in the API referenceOpenAI SoraOpenAI Sora — Article 50(2), machine-readable marking: C2PA metadata on all assetsPikaPika — Article 50(2), machine-readable marking: Not documented on the vendor's pagesRunwayRunway — Article 50(2), machine-readable marking: Not documented on the vendor's pagesSceneMixerSceneMixer — Article 50(2), machine-readable marking: Not documented on the vendor's pagesSynthesiaSynthesia — Article 50(2), machine-readable marking: Not documented on the page this entry reads from
Fig. 3 One point at a time, every generator side by side, OpenAI Sora marked. This is a map of what the vendors publish, not a reading of the instrument. Wording in the rows below. Recorded 2026-09-12.
Every generator on one point, with OpenAI Sora marked. Recorded 2026-09-12.
GeneratorArticle 50(2), machine-readable marking
Adobe FireflyContent Credentials attached to outputs, indicating AI was used
Alibaba WanNot documented in the API reference
Amazon Nova ReelAn invisible watermark on all videos, plus credentials from version 1.1
ElevenLabsAn inaudible pattern embedded in generated audio
Google SynthIDAn invisible watermark embedded at generation
HeyGenNot documented on the vendor's pages
Kling AINot documented on the vendor's pages
LTX StudioNot documented on the vendor's pages
Meta AudioSealAn embedded speech watermark, detectable down to the sample
Microsoft DesignerC2PA content credentials on images from the editing features
MiniMax HailuoNot documented in the API reference
OpenAI SoraC2PA metadata on all assets
PikaNot documented on the vendor's pages
RunwayNot documented on the vendor's pages
SceneMixerNot documented on the vendor's pages
SynthesiaNot documented on the page this entry reads from

Inclusion rule. Generators whose own public pages say something about marking. A generator silent on this particular point keeps its row, marked hollow. Order. Alphabetical by generator name.

Article 50(4), deployer disclosure: what each vendor statesOne point at a time, every generator side by side, OpenAI Sora marked. This is a map of what the vendors publish, not a reading of the instrument. Wording in the rows below. Recorded 2026-09-12.Article 50(4), deployer disclosure: what each vendor statesArticle 50(4), deployer disclosureArticle 50(4),deployer disclosureAdobe FireflyAdobe Firefly — Article 50(4), deployer disclosure: Not addressed; no mark in the frame is describedAlibaba WanAlibaba Wan — Article 50(4), deployer disclosure: A corner mark reading AI Generated, added on requestAmazon Nova ReelAmazon Nova Reel — Article 50(4), deployer disclosure: Not addressed; nothing visible is describedElevenLabsElevenLabs — Article 50(4), deployer disclosure: Not addressed; nothing audible or visible is describedGoogle SynthIDGoogle SynthID — Article 50(4), deployer disclosure: Not addressed; nothing visible is describedHeyGenHeyGen — Article 50(4), deployer disclosure: A visible mark, removable by planKling AIKling AI — Article 50(4), deployer disclosure: A visible brand watermark on outputLTX StudioLTX Studio — Article 50(4), deployer disclosure: A visible mark, removable by planMeta AudioSealMeta AudioSeal — Article 50(4), deployer disclosure: Not addressed; the publication concerns detectionMicrosoft DesignerMicrosoft Designer — Article 50(4), deployer disclosure: Not addressed; nothing visible is describedMiniMax HailuoMiniMax Hailuo — Article 50(4), deployer disclosure: An AIGC label watermark, added only when requestedOpenAI SoraOpenAI Sora — Article 50(4), deployer disclosure: A visible moving watermark on app and site downloadsPikaPika — Article 50(4), deployer disclosure: A visible mark, removable by planRunwayRunway — Article 50(4), deployer disclosure: A visible mark on free-plan output, by omissionSceneMixerSceneMixer — Article 50(4), deployer disclosure: A visible watermark on composited episodes, on by defaultSynthesiaSynthesia — Article 50(4), deployer disclosure: A visible mark on Basic-plan videos and on test-mode output
Fig. 4 One point at a time, every generator side by side, OpenAI Sora marked. This is a map of what the vendors publish, not a reading of the instrument. Wording in the rows below. Recorded 2026-09-12.
Every generator on one point, with OpenAI Sora marked. Recorded 2026-09-12.
GeneratorArticle 50(4), deployer disclosure
Adobe FireflyNot addressed; no mark in the frame is described
Alibaba WanA corner mark reading AI Generated, added on request
Amazon Nova ReelNot addressed; nothing visible is described
ElevenLabsNot addressed; nothing audible or visible is described
Google SynthIDNot addressed; nothing visible is described
HeyGenA visible mark, removable by plan
Kling AIA visible brand watermark on output
LTX StudioA visible mark, removable by plan
Meta AudioSealNot addressed; the publication concerns detection
Microsoft DesignerNot addressed; nothing visible is described
MiniMax HailuoAn AIGC label watermark, added only when requested
OpenAI SoraA visible moving watermark on app and site downloads
PikaA visible mark, removable by plan
RunwayA visible mark on free-plan output, by omission
SceneMixerA visible watermark on composited episodes, on by default
SynthesiaA visible mark on Basic-plan videos and on test-mode output

Inclusion rule. Generators whose own public pages say something about marking. A generator silent on this particular point keeps its row, marked hollow. Order. Alphabetical by generator name.

Who controls it: what each vendor statesOne point at a time, every generator side by side, OpenAI Sora marked. This is a map of what the vendors publish, not a reading of the instrument. Wording in the rows below. Recorded 2026-09-12.Who controls it: what each vendor statesWho controls itAdobe FireflyAdobe Firefly — Who controls it: Not addressed; the product page describes no removal stepAlibaba WanAlibaba Wan — Who controls it: The caller: a boolean that defaults to falseAmazon Nova ReelAmazon Nova Reel — Who controls it: No removal documentedElevenLabsElevenLabs — Who controls it: No removal documentedGoogle SynthIDGoogle SynthID — Who controls it: No removal documentedHeyGenHeyGen — Who controls it: The plan: removal listed on the $29 Creator and $49 Pro tiersKling AIKling AI — Who controls it: The membership: removal is listed as a paid benefitLTX StudioLTX Studio — Who controls it: The plan: no watermarking listed from Lite upwardMeta AudioSealMeta AudioSeal — Who controls it: Not addressed in the publicationMicrosoft DesignerMicrosoft Designer — Who controls it: Not addressed in the FAQMiniMax HailuoMiniMax Hailuo — Who controls it: The caller: a request parameter that defaults to falseOpenAI SoraOpenAI Sora — Who controls it: Not stated here; the visible mark follows the download routePikaPika — Who controls it: The plan: watermark-free download from $28 Pro upwardRunwayRunway — Who controls it: The plan: watermark-free output listed on paid plansSceneMixerSceneMixer — Who controls it: A settings switch, with no plan named beside itSynthesiaSynthesia — Who controls it: The plan, and separately an API test flag
Fig. 5 One point at a time, every generator side by side, OpenAI Sora marked. This is a map of what the vendors publish, not a reading of the instrument. Wording in the rows below. Recorded 2026-09-12.
Every generator on one point, with OpenAI Sora marked. Recorded 2026-09-12.
GeneratorWho controls it
Adobe FireflyNot addressed; the product page describes no removal step
Alibaba WanThe caller: a boolean that defaults to false
Amazon Nova ReelNo removal documented
ElevenLabsNo removal documented
Google SynthIDNo removal documented
HeyGenThe plan: removal listed on the $29 Creator and $49 Pro tiers
Kling AIThe membership: removal is listed as a paid benefit
LTX StudioThe plan: no watermarking listed from Lite upward
Meta AudioSealNot addressed in the publication
Microsoft DesignerNot addressed in the FAQ
MiniMax HailuoThe caller: a request parameter that defaults to false
OpenAI SoraNot stated here; the visible mark follows the download route
PikaThe plan: watermark-free download from $28 Pro upward
RunwayThe plan: watermark-free output listed on paid plans
SceneMixerA settings switch, with no plan named beside it
SynthesiaThe plan, and separately an API test flag

Inclusion rule. Generators whose own public pages say something about marking. A generator silent on this particular point keeps its row, marked hollow. Order. Alphabetical by generator name.

2Three measures listed together, which nothing else here does

The section this entry comes from is headed provenance and transparency, and it gives a bulleted list rather than a sentence buried in a feature table. That format matters for a record organised by clause, because a list of three named measures can be set against the two duties in the article without any reading-between-lines at all.

C2PA metadata on all assets, providing verifiable origin through an industry standard

Sora 2 System Card, OpenAI

That bullet is the shortest statement in this record that lands squarely on the provider duty: a named industry standard, applied to everything, described as carrying origin rather than as decorating a file. The paragraph asks for output marked in a machine-readable format, and a signed manifest is what the phrase points at.

3A checking route the reader cannot use

The third bullet on the same list describes tools for assessing whether a video or audio clip came from the vendor, and describes them as internal. That is honest documentation and it is also a boundary: an obligation that a viewer or a platform can act on needs something readable by somebody other than the party who wrote it.

Set against the four qualities the marking paragraph names, the metadata bullet reaches the interoperability one through the standard it names, and this bullet does not reach it at all. Recording both on the same page is the point: one measure is published as an industry format and the neighbouring one as a house capability, and only the first is inspectable from outside.

4Columns filed separately for this entry

Four words is all a row holds. Where a cell read off OpenAI Sora's Sora 2 system card needs the sentence behind it, the kind of document that sentence sits in and the limit on what it proves, it is filed on its own page below.

  • Sora on signed metadata — The Sora 2 system card names C2PA metadata on all assets as its first provenance measure.
  • Sora on a moving watermark — The system card describes a visible moving watermark on videos downloaded from the site or the app.
  • Sora on tools kept in-house — The system card's third provenance bullet names tools for assessing whether a clip came from the vendor's products, and calls them internal.
  • Sora on the download route — The visible watermark is described on videos downloaded from the site or the app, which scopes it to a route rather than to an account.

5Sources

Read from the Sora 2 system card at cdn.openai.com on 2026-09-12. The clause itself is recorded on the Article 50 page, and every generator on the same points is in the table.

  • OpenAI Sora (openai.com)
    C2PA metadata on all assets, listed as providing verifiable origin through an industry standardfirst item under provenance safety toolingSora 2 System Card, OpenAI / recorded 2026-09-22
  • OpenAI Sora
    A visible moving watermark on videos downloaded from sora.com or the Sora appthe layer tied to the download routeSora 2 System Card, OpenAI / recorded 2026-09-22
  • OpenAI Sora
    Internal detection tools to help assess whether a video or audio was created by the vendor's productsthird item on the same listSora 2 System Card, OpenAI / recorded 2026-09-22